Devalok
Legend · 5 tellings · Pan-India

Indra breaks Dawn's cart

Who is in it

  • Ushas the Dawn whose cart is broken
  • Indra shatters the cart

Texts: Rigveda

The story, beat by beat

  1. A poet lists Indra's deeds.
  2. Dawn, daughter of the Sky, lifts herself up in pride, intending harm.
  3. Indra strikes her and shatters her cart.
  4. Dawn flees in terror from the wreck.
  5. The cart lies broken in the river Vipash, and she flees far away.

pride dawn thunderbolt

How it is told, place by place

Base telling · Primary text (translation)

Rigveda 4.30.8-11

Pan-India All traditions

Inside a list of Indra's deeds the poet tells of a morning when Ushas, daughter of the Sky, raised herself in pride and meant harm. Indra struck her and shattered her cart. She fled in fear from the ruined cart, which lay broken in pieces in the river Vipash, and she ran far away. The poet counts it a heroic deed and moves on to the next.

Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer § 4.30.8-11

Primary text (translation)

Rigveda 2.15.6

Pan-India All traditions

In a hymn whose refrain is that Indra did these things in the rapture of Soma, he crushes the cart of Ushas with his thunderbolt and tears through her slow team with his own swift horses.

What is different here:

Names the thunderbolt and contrasts her slow animals with his fast ones; no pride, no river, no flight.

Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer § 2.15.6

Primary text (translation)

Rigveda 10.138.3-5

Pan-India All traditions

The Sun has unyoked his car in mid-heaven and Indra whets his weapons against a demon. Bright Ushas is afraid of Indra's bolt; she goes on her way and leaves her cart there.

What is different here:

No blow is described: she is frightened, abandons the cart and walks on.

Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer § 10.138.3-5

Primary text (translation)

Rigveda 10.73.6 and 5.79.9

Pan-India All traditions

A poet uses the event as a comparison: Indra's enemies fall as when he struck down the cart of Ushas. A hymn to Dawn warns her not to delay, in case the Sun scorches her like a thief.

What is different here:

The story is only alluded to; 5.79.9 is a separate warning about a lingering dawn, used by Bergaigne's reading.

Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer § 10.73.6; Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer § 5.79.9

Scholarly

Scholars' readings (Macdonell, Bergaigne)

Pan-India All traditions

Macdonell reports that the myth is usually explained as a thunderstorm obscuring the dawn, and that Bergaigne instead saw the sunrise, as Indra's victory, overcoming a delaying dawn.

What is different here:

Interpretation, not narrative.

Vedic Mythology, A. A. Macdonell (1897) § section-22

Sources: Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer; Vedic Mythology, A. A. Macdonell (1897)

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