Devalok
From the epics · 2 tellings · East India, Pan-India

Kacha and Devayani

Who is in it

  • Kacha Brihaspati's son, the student
  • Devayani the teacher's daughter
  • Shukra teacher of the Asuras, knower of the Sanjivani
  • Brihaspati the father, priest of the gods, who lacks the science
  • Indra leads the gods who welcome Kacha home

Texts: Mahabharata

The story, beat by beat

  1. Shukra revives every slain Asura; Brihaspati cannot do the same for the gods.
  2. The gods send Brihaspati's son Kacha to learn the science; he vows a thousand years of studentship.
  3. After five hundred years the Asuras kill him and feed him to wolves; Shukra calls him back.
  4. They kill him again and mix him into the sea; he is called back.
  5. They burn him and give his ashes to Shukra in wine.
  6. Shukra teaches the science to Kacha inside him; Kacha comes out and revives his teacher.
  7. Shukra forbids wine to brahmins.
  8. Devayani asks Kacha to marry her; he refuses her as his teacher's daughter and his sister.
  9. She curses his knowledge to bear no fruit; he curses that no sage's son will marry her.
  10. The gods welcome him and give him a share in the sacrifice.

student teacher revival refusal curse

How it is told, place by place

Base telling · Primary text (translation)

Mahabharata, Adi Parva 76-77

Pan-India All traditions

Told to explain how Yayati came to marry Shukra's daughter. The gods, losing to Asuras whom Shukra keeps reviving, send Kacha to become Shukra's pupil and to please Devayani. He serves both for five hundred years before the Asuras kill him: first cut up and given to wolves and jackals, then ground to paste in the ocean, then burnt and given to Shukra in wine. Each time Devayani pleads and Shukra calls him. The third time Kacha answers from inside the teacher, receives the science there, tears his way out and revives Shukra, who then bans wine for brahmins. At the end of the vow Devayani proposes; Kacha refuses; the two exchange curses, and he goes home to the gods' welcome.

The Mahabharata, tr. K. M. Ganguli (1883-96), sections read for the Vedic layer § adi.76; The Mahabharata, tr. K. M. Ganguli (1883-96), sections read for the Vedic layer § adi.77

Primary text (translation)

Tagore's verse drama (Bengal), in his English version

East India · Bengal All traditions

Tagore keeps only the farewell. Kacha asks leave to go; Devayani asks whether he wants nothing more and walks him through what he is leaving: the banyan that shaded him when he grazed the cattle, the river Venumati, the day he first stood at the garden hedge and offered to help her gather flowers. He offers gratitude for being revived three times; she rejects the word and says she knows he loves her. He admits a secret devotion but will keep his promise to the gods, though heaven will no longer be heaven to him. She curses his knowledge to be a burden never lightened by sharing. The English text ends on her curse.

What is different here:

Only the parting is shown. Kacha confesses love instead of calling her sister; there is no counter-curse in the English version; the banyan, the river Venumati and the first meeting are Tagore's.

The Fugitive, Rabindranath Tagore (1921): 'Kacha and Devayani' § kacha-and-devayani

Sources: The Mahabharata, tr. K. M. Ganguli (1883-96), sections read for the Vedic layer; The Fugitive, Rabindranath Tagore (1921): 'Kacha and Devayani'

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