Devalok
Legend · 2 tellings · Pan-India

Aditi's milk vow and the birth of Vamana

Who is in it

Texts: Bhagavata Purana

The story, beat by beat

  1. Aditi grieves because her sons have lost heaven.
  2. Kashyapa asks what is wrong and she asks him to help her sons.
  3. He teaches her the payovrata: twelve days on milk alone in the bright half of Phalguna.
  4. Vishnu appears to her and promises to become her son.
  5. He enters her through Kashyapa, and Brahma praises him.

vow motherhood restoration

How it is told, place by place

Base telling · Primary text (translation)

Bhagavata Purana 8.16-17

Pan-India Vaishnava

With the gods gone from heaven Aditi laments. Kashyapa, back from meditation, asks whether some household duty was neglected; she asks only that her sons' fortune be restored. He teaches the payovrata he learned from Brahma: in the bright fortnight of Phalguna, twelve days living on milk, with daily worship of Vishnu. Vishnu appears four-armed, says he will become her son to protect her other sons, and enters her womb through Kashyapa's meditation; Brahma offers prayers.

Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhaktivedanta Vedabase) § 8.16; Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhaktivedanta Vedabase) § 8.17

Primary text (translation)

Ramayana, Bala Kanda (Griffith canto 31)

Pan-India All traditions

Vishvamitra tells Rama that the hermitage they have reached is where Vishnu did penance and was the dwarf: when Bali held the three worlds the gods begged Vishnu to take a dwarf's form; he asked three steps and covered earth, sky and heaven. Griffith's verse translation omits eight shlokas here and does not mention Aditi or her vow.

What is different here:

No Aditi, no vow in the lines Griffith translates; the gods ask Vishnu directly.

The Ramayan of Valmiki, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1870-74) § 1.31

Sources: Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhaktivedanta Vedabase); The Ramayan of Valmiki, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1870-74)

More stories with the same people

Origin

Aditi and the eighth son, Martanda

Aditi bears eight sons, goes to the gods with seven and casts away the eighth, Martanda, then brings him back. Later texts explain why.

Legend

Aditi's earrings and the killing of Naraka

Naraka of Pragjyotisha steals Aditi's earrings; Krishna kills him and returns them, and Aditi blesses Krishna and Satyabhama.

Origin

Aditi wins the first and the last offering

Why the Soma sacrifice opens and closes with a pot of rice for Aditi: the earth, left out of the rite, confounds it until she is given a share.

Origin

How the Adityas became twelve

The Rigveda's six, seven or eight Adityas become the twelve months in the Brahmanas and twelve named sun-gods in the Puranas.

Legend

The three strides of Vishnu, from the Rigveda to the dwarf and King Bali

In the Rigveda Vishnu's one deed is to take three steps that measure out the world and make room for people; the third step is a honeyed place out of sight. The Brahmanas turn the steps into earth, air and sky, the Ramayana gives them a dwarf and a king named Bali, and festivals in Kerala and the Deccan welcome that king home.

Legend

The dwarf who lay down and won the earth

The Asuras have won the earth and are dividing it. They grant the gods only as much as Vishnu, a dwarf who is the sacrifice, can lie on; the gods enclose him with the metres and win the whole earth by worship. The Bhagavata Purana tells the bargain as Vamana and King Bali.

Origin

Diti's vow and the birth of the Maruts

Diti's sons are killed by the gods.

How a tradition frames it

One being, three functions: the Trimurti idea

The Maitri Upanishad names Brahma, Rudra and Vishnu together as portions of one being, matched to the three gunas.