Devalok
Legend · 3 tellings · Pan-India

Sarama and the Panis

Who is in it

Texts: Rigveda

The story, beat by beat

  1. The Panis hold a herd in a rock stronghold beyond the Rasa.
  2. Sarama arrives as Indra's messenger.
  3. The Panis threaten, boast, then offer to make her their sister.
  4. She refuses and tells them to go far away.
  5. Brihaspati, the Angirases and Indra break the cave open.
  6. Light comes out with the cattle.

messenger cattle temptation loyalty

How it is told, place by place

Base telling · Primary text (translation)

Rigveda 10.108 (with 10.67-68)

Pan-India All traditions

A dialogue. The Panis ask how Sarama crossed the Rasa; she says she is Indra's messenger come for their treasure. They offer Indra friendship, boast of their weapons and their rock treasury, and at last offer her sisterhood and a share. She answers that she knows no brotherhood or sisterhood and tells them to go. Other hymns tell of Brihaspati and the Angirases opening the cave.

Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer § 10.108; Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer § 10.67-68

Primary text (translation)

Brihaddevata 8.24-36

Pan-India All traditions

Sarama refuses sisterhood and wealth but asks to drink the hidden cows' milk. Under its influence she tells Indra she has not seen the cows; he strikes her with his foot, she vomits the milk and runs back, and he follows her track and recovers the herd.

What is different here:

She drinks the milk and lies; Indra punishes her and uses her trail.

The Brhad-devata attributed to Saunaka, ed. and tr. A. A. Macdonell (Harvard Oriental Series 6) § 8.24-36

Scholarly

Jaiminiya Brahmana 2.440-442

Pan-India All traditions

The gods first send a bird, which takes the Panis' food and hides the truth; Indra wrings its neck. Sarama refuses all food, goes hungry and reports faithfully, and Indra grants that her descendants will be eaters of food.

What is different here:

The bribed one is a bird; Sarama is wholly faithful.

Rasa in Vedic Literature (Jaiminiya Brahmana 2.440-442, text and translation), T. Yamada § 2.440-442

Sources: Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer; The Brhad-devata attributed to Saunaka, ed. and tr. A. A. Macdonell (Harvard Oriental Series 6); Rasa in Vedic Literature (Jaiminiya Brahmana 2.440-442, text and translation), T. Yamada

More stories with the same people