Devalok
Legend · 3 tellings · Pan-India

Indra slays Vritra

Who is in it

  • Indra the slayer
  • Vritra the dragon who holds the waters
  • Dadhichi gives his bones (Mahabharata)
  • Brahma advises the gods (Vana Parva)
  • Vishnu lends his strength (Vana Parva)

Texts: Rigveda, Mahabharata, Shatapatha Brahmana

The story, beat by beat

  1. Vritra lies on the mountain holding the waters.
  2. Tvashtri makes the thunderbolt; Indra drinks Soma.
  3. Indra strikes Vritra down and his mother Danu after him.
  4. The waters run to the sea.
  5. Indra is asked why he then fled in fear across ninety-nine rivers.
  6. Later tellings make the bolt from Dadhichi's bones.

dragon waters thunderbolt fear

How it is told, place by place

Base telling · Primary text (translation)

Rigveda 1.32

Pan-India All traditions

The limbless dragon lies on the mountain with the waters penned inside him. Indra, armed with Tvashtri's bolt and three vessels of Soma, strikes him between the shoulders; lightning, hail and mist do not save him. His mother Danu falls across him. The waters flow down to the sea. The second-last verse asks why Indra, having killed him, flew in fear like a hawk across ninety-nine rivers.

Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer § 1.32

Primary text (translation)

Mahabharata, Vana Parva 100-101

Pan-India All traditions

Brahma tells the gods to ask the sage Dadhicha for his bones. He gives up his body freely and Tvashtri gladly forges a six-sided bolt. In the battle Indra loses heart until Vishnu and the others lend him their energy; frightened by Vritra's roar he throws the bolt, kills him, and runs to hide in a lake without knowing he has won.

What is different here:

The bolt is made of a sage's bones; Indra is afraid before and after; Tvashtri is still a friend.

The Mahabharata, tr. K. M. Ganguli (1883-96), sections read for the Vedic layer § vana.100-101

Primary text (translation)

Shatapatha Brahmana, Udyoga Parva and Bhagavata

Pan-India All traditions

The Shatapatha makes Tvashtri the enemy: Indra kills his three-headed son and Tvashtri creates Vritra from Soma poured in the fire, with fatal wording. The Udyoga Parva has a truce (not wet or dry, day or night) broken at twilight with sea foam, and Indra's guilt. The Bhagavata's Vritra is a devotee of Vishnu; Indra hides a thousand years in a lotus stalk.

What is different here:

Three further tellings that do not agree with each other; the bones and the foam never occur together.

The Satapatha-Brahmana, tr. Julius Eggeling (Sacred Books of the East 12, 41) § 1.6.3; The Mahabharata, tr. K. M. Ganguli (1883-96), sections read for the Vedic layer § udyoga.9-13; Srimad-Bhagavatam cantos 6 and 10 (Bhaktivedanta Vedabase) § 6.9-13

Sources: Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer; The Mahabharata, tr. K. M. Ganguli (1883-96), sections read for the Vedic layer; The Satapatha-Brahmana, tr. Julius Eggeling (Sacred Books of the East 12, 41); Srimad-Bhagavatam cantos 6 and 10 (Bhaktivedanta Vedabase)

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