Devalok
Legend · 5 tellings · North India, Pan-India, South India

The hymns to the Waters

Who is in it

  • Apas the Waters, goddesses and mothers
  • Varuna walks among them watching truth and lies
  • Indra dug their channels
  • Apam Napat guards the sweet wave
  • Agni entered the Waters

Texts: Rigveda

The story, beat by beat

  1. The Waters flow from the middle of the flood toward the sea, cleansing and never sleeping.
  2. Indra dug their channels; the sun draws them up with his rays.
  3. They come from heaven, are dug from the earth, or flow free.
  4. Varuna moves among them and sees the truth and falsehood of men.
  5. The gods drink strength from them and Agni entered them.
  6. The singer asks them for their sap as from loving mothers.
  7. Soma has told him that every healing balm is in the Waters.
  8. He asks them to carry away his wrongdoing, lies and false oaths.
  9. He asks for the honey-sweet wave that was Indra's first drink, guarded by the Child of the Waters.

water healing purification river worship

How it is told, place by place

Base telling · Primary text (translation)

Rigveda 7.47, 7.49, 10.9

Pan-India All traditions

Three short hymns speak to the Waters as goddesses. They flow sleepless to the sea in channels Indra dug; some are of heaven, some dug, some free-flowing. Varuna walks among them judging truth and lies; Agni has entered them. The singer asks for their sap as from loving mothers, for the medicine Soma says they hold, for long life, and that they carry off whatever evil, lie or false oath is his. He asks for the sweet wave that became Indra's drink, which the Child of the Waters guards.

Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer § 7.47; Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer § 7.49; Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer § 10.9

Encyclopedia

Ganga arati at Varanasi

North India · Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh All traditions

Every day at dusk at Dashashwamedh Ghat in Varanasi several priests offer lamps to the Ganga, moving them up and down to the tune of devotional songs.

What is different here:

Worship of one named river with lamps and song, not the nameless Waters with a hymn.

Dashashwamedh Ghat (Wikipedia)

Primary text (translation)

Atharvaveda 1.4-6 and 1.33

Pan-India All traditions

The Atharvaveda repeats the Rigveda's water verses as charms for cattle, strength, health and wealth, adds waters of desert and marsh, waters dug, waters brought in jars and rain, and calls the Waters golden-hued, those in whom Savitar and Agni were born.

What is different here:

Same verses turned to practical charms; adds the jar and the birth of Savitar in the Waters.

Hymns of the Atharva-Veda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1895) § 1.4; Hymns of the Atharva-Veda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1895) § 1.6; Hymns of the Atharva-Veda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1895) § 1.33

Encyclopedia

Daily prayer: marjana in the sandhya

Pan-India All traditions

In the daily sandhya prayer the worshipper sprinkles water on the body with kusha grass while reciting the first three verses of Rigveda 10.9. The step is called marjana, also a bath with mantras.

What is different here:

The hymn as a living daily rite; no river needed, a few drops stand for the Waters.

Marjana, Hindupedia (from Swami Harshananda, A Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism); Sandhyavandanam (Wikipedia)

Encyclopedia

Pushkaram of the twelve rivers

South India · Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Assam All traditions

Twelve rivers each have a festival once in twelve years, when Jupiter enters that river's zodiac sign; crowds bathe, give gifts and honour ancestors, mostly in the first twelve days. The list differs by region: Bhima in Maharashtra, Tamraparni in Tamil Nadu, Brahmaputra in Assam. An astrological work of 1426, the Jataka Parijata, tells of a Brahmin named Pushkara to whom Shiva gave the power to live in water and purify the holy rivers, and who enters each river at Brihaspati's request as Jupiter changes sign.

What is different here:

Medieval astrological lore, not in the early texts; Shiva and Brihaspati appear; the river list varies between Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Assam and the Telugu states.

Pushkaram (Wikipedia)

Sources: Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer; Dashashwamedh Ghat (Wikipedia); Hymns of the Atharva-Veda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1895); Marjana, Hindupedia (from Swami Harshananda, A Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism); Sandhyavandanam (Wikipedia); Pushkaram (Wikipedia)

More stories with the same people