Devalok
Legend · 3 tellings · Pan-India

Vac leaves the gods: the waters, the trees, the lioness

Who is in it

  • Vac Speech, who leaves
  • Apas the Waters, who bargain for purity
  • Agni the gods' messenger to the lioness (Shatapatha)
  • Surya the fee accepted in her place (Shatapatha)

The story, beat by beat

  1. Vac goes away from the gods, unwilling to serve for the sacrifice.
  2. She enters the Waters; the gods claim her back.
  3. The Waters ask as their share never to be mixed with what is thrown into them; it is granted.
  4. Given back, she passes on into the Trees.
  5. The Trees refuse to give her up.
  6. The gods curse the Trees to be felled by an axe with a handle of their own wood.
  7. The Trees share her out among the drum, the lute, the axle and the reed pipe.

flight hiding curse music bargain

How it is told, place by place

Base telling · Primary text (translation)

Panchavimsha Brahmana 6.5.10-13

Pan-India All traditions

The Voice leaves the gods and enters the Waters, who return her in exchange for the boon of staying pure. She then enters the Trees, who will not return her and are cursed to be hewn with their own handle. The Trees distribute her over drum, lute, axle and reed pipe, whose voice is therefore loud and lovely.

Pancavimsa-Brahmana: the Brahmana of Twenty Five Chapters, tr. W. Caland (Bibliotheca Indica, 1931) § 6.5.10-13; Pancavimsa-Brahmana: the Brahmana of Twenty Five Chapters, tr. W. Caland (Bibliotheca Indica, 1931) § 5.5.18

Primary text (translation)

Taittiriya Samhita 6.1.4

Pan-India All traditions

Speech went away from the gods, not being willing to serve for the sacrifice, and entered the trees. Hers is the voice heard in the drum, the lute and the flute. By handing over the staff of udumbara wood, level with the mouth, the consecrated man wins Speech.

What is different here:

Gives her motive; no Waters, no refusal and no curse; three instruments.

The Veda of the Black Yajus School (Taittiriya Sanhita), tr. A. B. Keith (1914) § 6.1.4

Primary text (translation)

Shatapatha Brahmana 3.5.1.13-25

Pan-India All traditions

The Angirases, serving as priests for the Adityas, are offered Vac as their fee and refuse her, then accept the Sun. Angry, Vac becomes a lioness and ranges between the gods and the Asuras, seizing everything. Both sides call her, Agni for the gods. She asks what she will get; the gods promise the offering will reach her before Agni, and she promises that blessings invoked through her will be fulfilled. Hence ghee is poured on the high altar, which is Vac.

What is different here:

A different occasion: she leaves because she was refused as a gift; she is a lioness, not hidden in wood; she returns on terms.

The Satapatha-Brahmana, tr. Julius Eggeling (Sacred Books of the East 12, 41) § 3.5.1.13-25

Sources: Pancavimsa-Brahmana: the Brahmana of Twenty Five Chapters, tr. W. Caland (Bibliotheca Indica, 1931); The Veda of the Black Yajus School (Taittiriya Sanhita), tr. A. B. Keith (1914); The Satapatha-Brahmana, tr. Julius Eggeling (Sacred Books of the East 12, 41)

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