Devalok
Origin · 2 tellings · Pan-India

The eight names of Rudra

Who is in it

  • Rudra the child who asks for names
  • Prajapati the father who names him
  • Agni the god whose eight forms these are (Shatapatha)

Texts: Shatapatha Brahmana

The story, beat by beat

  1. A boy is born to Ushas and cries.
  2. He says he has no name and is not free from evil.
  3. Prajapati names him Rudra, because he cried.
  4. He asks for more: Sharva, Pashupati, Ugra, Ashani, Bhava, Mahan Deva, Ishana.
  5. Each name becomes a part of the world.
  6. After the eighth he asks for no more.

names birth forms

How it is told, place by place

Base telling · Primary text (translation)

Shatapatha Brahmana 6.1.3

Pan-India All traditions

A boy born to the Dawn weeps because he has no name. Prajapati gives him eight in turn, and each is identified with something in the world: fire, the waters, the plants, the wind, the lightning, the rain cloud, the moon, the sun. They are called the eight forms of Agni, with the boy as the ninth.

The Satapatha-Brahmana, tr. Julius Eggeling (Sacred Books of the East 12, 41) § 6.1.3

Primary text (translation)

Kaushitaki Brahmana 6.1-9

Pan-India All traditions

A thousand-eyed, thousand-footed archer rises from a golden bowl, seizes Prajapati and refuses to eat until he is named. The same eight names are given in a different order with different equations, and a vow is attached to each. He is called the great god of eight names.

What is different here:

No weeping infant; order begins with Bhava; equations differ; vows attached.

Rigveda Brahmanas: the Aitareya and Kausitaki Brahmanas, tr. A. B. Keith (1920) § kaushitaki.6.1-9

Sources: The Satapatha-Brahmana, tr. Julius Eggeling (Sacred Books of the East 12, 41); Rigveda Brahmanas: the Aitareya and Kausitaki Brahmanas, tr. A. B. Keith (1920)

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