Devalok
Legend · 2 tellings · Pan-India

Vasishtha pleads with Varuna

Who is in it

Texts: Rigveda

The story, beat by beat

  1. Vasishtha asks himself how he can be close to Varuna again and what gift the god would accept without anger.
  2. The wise men he questions all answer that Varuna is angry with him.
  3. He asks Varuna what his chief wrong was that the god would strike a friend who praises him.
  4. He pleads that not his own will but wine, anger, dice and thoughtlessness led him astray, and asks release from his fathers' sins too.
  5. He asks to be loosed like a calf from a rope.
  6. He remembers boarding a boat with Varuna, riding the waves as on a swing, and being made a seer by him.
  7. He asks where their old friendship has gone, recalling that he entered Varuna's house of a thousand doors.
  8. He says a friend who has sinned is still the friend Varuna loved.
  9. Trembling like a wind-blown skin and thirsty amid water, he begs not to go yet to the house of clay.
  10. The hymns end in prayer; no answer from Varuna is reported.

forgiveness friendship confession illness omniscience

How it is told, place by place

Base telling · Primary text (translation)

Rigveda 7.86-89

Pan-India All traditions

Four hymns in Vasishtha's voice. He searches his heart, asks the sages, and is told Varuna is angry. He asks what his transgression was, blames wine, dice, anger and thoughtlessness, and asks to be freed from his own and his fathers' sins like a calf from its cord. He remembers sailing with Varuna to mid-ocean, swinging on the waves, being made a rishi, and entering the god's thousand-doored house, and asks where that friendship has gone. The last hymn, with its refrain asking for mercy, begs not to enter the house of clay yet.

Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer § 7.86; Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer § 7.87; Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer § 7.88; Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer § 7.89

Primary text (translation)

Atharvaveda 4.16

Pan-India All traditions

A hymn on Varuna's all-seeing rule. He sees the man who thinks he acts in secret; where two sit whispering he is present as the third. Earth and sky are his, the two oceans are his loins and he is in the smallest drop. His thousand-eyed envoys come down from heaven; he has counted the blinks of men's eyes. His snares, three sets of seven, are asked to catch the liar and spare the truthful, and the hymn closes as a binding spell against a named enemy.

What is different here:

No Vasishtha and no friendship: the same watching god and the same fetters, but turned outward as a charm against a liar instead of inward as a confession.

Hymns of the Atharva-Veda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1895) § 4.16

Sources: Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer; Hymns of the Atharva-Veda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1895)

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