Devalok ← All gods
Also calledAshvini KumarasNasatyasDasra and NasatyaAshvinau

At a glance

TraditionVedic
FormTwo young men

always together, bright and handsome, wearing garlands of lotus

ChariotThree wheels and three seats

faster than thought, drawn by horses, birds or sometimes an ass

Who The Ashvins is

The Ashvins are twins, and the Rigveda never speaks of one without the other. Their name means "the two who have horses". The poets also call them the Nasatyas, an old name whose meaning was already uncertain, and Dasra, "the wonder workers". More than fifty hymns belong to them. Only Indra, Agni and Soma are called on more often.

They are young, bright and fond of honey. They ride a golden chariot with three wheels and three seats, built for them by the craftsmen called the Ribhus. Sometimes horses pull it. At other times the hymns give them eagles or swans, and once it is a single ass. The chariot comes at the very end of the night, when the sky is still dark among the first red streaks. Dawn wakes them, and they follow her across the sky. The daughter of the Sun, whose name is Surya, saw them race and chose their chariot for herself, and she rides between them.

What the poets love most about the Ashvins is that they help. Other gods are praised for power. These two are praised with a list of people they pulled out of trouble, and the hymns repeat the names. Bhujyu was left to drown in the middle of the sea, and they carried him home in ships that flew. Atri lay in a burning pit, and they cooled it for him. Rebha had been tied up and thrown into the water, and Vandana was buried in the ground, and both came out alive. Vishpala lost a leg in a battle at night, and they gave her one of iron so that she could run again. A blind man got his eyes back. A quail was taken out of a wolf's mouth. The old sage Chyavana was made young, and a woman who had grown grey in her father's house found a husband.

So they are the physicians among the gods. One hymn calls them healers of the blind, the thin and the man with broken bones. They are also the gods a person calls when nobody else is coming.

You are the luck of the woman growing old at home, and you help the slow one who comes last. People call you healers of the blind, the weak and the one whose bones are broken.

From the Vedas to the Puranas

What became of The Ashvins

The Ashvins did not turn into anyone else. They are still the Ashvini Kumaras, the two physicians of heaven, in the epics and the Puranas, and Ashvini, the first of the twenty-seven lunar stars, is theirs. What changed is their rank, and the texts explain how they got it.

The Yajurveda and the Brahmanas say that the other gods at first kept the twins out of the Soma sacrifice. They were healers who wandered among men, and the gods called that unclean. The Shatapatha Brahmana (4.1.5) tells how they won their cup. They made the old sage Chyavana young again, he told them what they were missing, and they walked into the gods' sacrifice and proved that it had no head without them. A second story (Shatapatha Brahmana 14.1.1, already hinted at in Rigveda 1.116 and 1.117) tells how they learned the secret called the honey from the sage Dadhyanch, who taught it through a horse's head so that Indra's threat would fall on the wrong head.

The Mahabharata tells the Chyavana story again (Vana Parva 122 to 125), and now the one who objects is Indra. The sage freezes Indra's arm and raises a monster to make him give way. The same epic gives the twins sons. Madri, the second wife of King Pandu, calls on them, and Nakula and Sahadeva are born, the youngest of the five Pandavas (Adi Parva 124). In its opening book the blind student Upamanyu sings to them from the bottom of a well.

The Puranas settle their parentage. The Rigveda (10.17) only hints at it. The Puranas say plainly that the Sun's wife took the form of a mare, the Sun followed her as a stallion, and the twins were born. The Bhagavata Purana (9.3) and the Devi Bhagavata repeat the story of Chyavana and his wife Sukanya.

Hardly any temples are their own today. They are honoured in Ayurveda as the first physicians, and the tonic chyavanprash carries the name of the sage they cured. Dhosi Hill in Haryana is shown as the place where it happened.

See how the Vedic gods became the Puranic ones →

Every story about The Ashvins

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