Devalok
Legend · 4 tellings · Pan-India

Pushan the pathfinder, his goats and his gruel

Who is in it

  • Pushan guide, herdsman, eater of gruel
  • Indra his Soma-drinking friend
  • Rudra knocks out his teeth (Mahabharata)
  • Virabhadra knocks out his teeth (Bhagavata)
  • Daksha host of the sacrifice (Bhagavata)
  • Shiva rules what Pushan shall eat (Bhagavata)
  • Bhaga loses his eyes beside him
  • Savitr loses his arms beside him

Texts: Rigveda, Mahabharata, Bhagavata Purana, Shatapatha Brahmana

The story, beat by beat

  1. Travellers ask Pushan to shorten the road and drive off the wolf and the robber.
  2. He is asked for the man who knows and will say: it is here.
  3. He has braided hair, a beard, a goad, an awl, and a cart drawn by goats.
  4. He follows the cows, keeps them from pits, and with his right hand drives the lost back.
  5. Indra drinks Soma; Pushan wants gruel; he stood by Indra when the waters came down.
  6. The Rigveda gives no reason for the gruel.
  7. The Brahmanas: a piece of the pierced sacrifice knocked out his teeth, so his food is ground.
  8. The Mahabharata: Rudra knocks out his teeth with his bow and later restores them.
  9. The Bhagavata: Pushan smiled when Daksha cursed Shiva; his teeth are knocked out and he must chew with others' teeth or eat flour.

roads lost and found herds humble food injury

How it is told, place by place

Base telling · Primary text (translation)

Rigveda (1.42, 6.53-58, 10.26)

Pan-India All traditions

Pushan is lord of the path. Travellers ask him to shorten the way, remove obstacles, chase off wolf and robber and lead them to good pasture. Herdsmen ask him to follow the cattle, let none be lost or fall into a pit, and stretch out his right hand to drive back the strayed. He has braided hair and a beard, a goad and an awl, and goats draw his cart, whose wheel is never harmed. He eats gruel of meal and curds while his friend Indra drinks Soma. No reason for the gruel is given and nothing is said about teeth.

Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer § 1.42; Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer § 6.53; Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer § 6.54; Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer § 6.55; Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer § 6.56; Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer § 6.57; Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer § 10.26; Hymns of the Atharva-Veda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1895) § 7.9

Primary text (translation)

Brahmanas (Taittiriya Samhita 2.6.8, Shatapatha 1.7.4, Kaushitaki 6.13)

Pan-India All traditions

Rudra pierced the gods' sacrifice. The small damaged piece was passed to Pushan; he ate or tasted it and it knocked out his teeth. Therefore they say Pushan is toothless, his share is pounded or ground food, and the Kaushitaki adds that he is an eater of gruel. Already retold on the site in The God Who Was Left Behind.

What is different here:

Supplies a cause for the gruel: lost teeth, from the dangerous morsel, not from a blow.

The Veda of the Black Yajus School (Taittiriya Sanhita), tr. A. B. Keith (1914) § 2.6.8; The Satapatha-Brahmana, tr. Julius Eggeling (Sacred Books of the East 12, 41) § 1.7.4.7; Rigveda Brahmanas: the Aitareya and Kausitaki Brahmanas, tr. A. B. Keith (1920) § kaushitaki.6.13

Primary text (translation)

Mahabharata, Sauptika Parva 18

Pan-India All traditions

Krishna tells Yudhishthira that after the krita age the gods planned a sacrifice and, not knowing Rudra truly, gave him no share. Rudra, in deerskin, made a bow and came; earth shook, wind and fire failed. He shot the Sacrifice in the heart and it fled as a deer. With his bow he broke Savitr's arms and plucked out Bhaga's eyes and Pushan's teeth. At the gods' cry the bowstring broke; they sought his protection. Pleased, he cast his wrath into the water and gave back the arms, the eyes and the teeth, and the gods gave him all the butter offerings.

What is different here:

Rudra himself strikes; the injuries are healed; no Daksha.

The Mahabharata, tr. K. M. Ganguli (1883-96), sections read for the Vedic layer § sauptika.18

Primary text (translation)

Bhagavata Purana 4.5 and 4.7

Pan-India Vaishnava

At Daksha's sacrifice Pushan had smiled, showing his teeth, when Daksha cursed Shiva. When Virabhadra and Shiva's followers wreck the sacrifice, Pushan's teeth are knocked out, Bhaga's eyes put out and Bhrigu's beard torn. Afterwards Shiva rules that Pushan shall chew with the teeth of others and, alone, eat food made of flour.

What is different here:

Set at Daksha's sacrifice; the blow is a punishment for a smile; the teeth are not restored.

Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhaktivedanta Vedabase) § 4.5.17-21; Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhaktivedanta Vedabase) § 4.7.3-5

Sources: Hymns of the Rigveda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1896), hymns read for the Vedic layer; Hymns of the Atharva-Veda, tr. R. T. H. Griffith (1895); The Veda of the Black Yajus School (Taittiriya Sanhita), tr. A. B. Keith (1914); The Satapatha-Brahmana, tr. Julius Eggeling (Sacred Books of the East 12, 41); Rigveda Brahmanas: the Aitareya and Kausitaki Brahmanas, tr. A. B. Keith (1920); The Mahabharata, tr. K. M. Ganguli (1883-96), sections read for the Vedic layer; Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhaktivedanta Vedabase)

More stories with the same people