Devalok
Origin · 4 tellings · Pan-India

Prajapati as the boar and the tortoise

Who is in it

  • Prajapati the diver; the one who meets the tortoise
  • Vishnu the boar as Narayana (Vishnu Purana)
  • Brahma the form Narayana wears (Vishnu Purana)
  • Prithvi the Earth, who speaks in the Purana

Texts: Shatapatha Brahmana, Vishnu Purana

The story, beat by beat

  1. In the beginning there is only water; Prajapati toils, wishing a world to be.
  2. He sees a lotus leaf standing and reasons that it rests on something.
  3. He becomes a boar and dives down beside it.
  4. He finds the earth below, breaks off a piece and surfaces.
  5. He spreads it on the lotus leaf; it extends and becomes the earth.
  6. The wind carries it to the quarters and he fixes it with gravel.
  7. In another text the moisture of his body becomes a tortoise that says it was there before him.

creation boar tortoise earth raised avatar roots

How it is told, place by place

Base telling · Primary text (translation)

Taittiriya Samhita 7.1.5, Taittiriya Brahmana 1.1.3 and Taittiriya Aranyaka 1.23

Pan-India All traditions

The Samhita: all was water; Prajapati moved on it as wind, saw the earth, became a boar and seized her, wiped her as Vishvakarman, and she spread out. The Brahmana: he sees a lotus leaf, infers something beneath, dives as a boar, brings up a piece of earth and spreads it on the leaf, fixing it with gravel. The Aranyaka: born alone on a lotus leaf, he shakes his body; sages arise from it and its moisture becomes a tortoise, which denies being his product and says it was there before; it rises as a thousand-headed person and, at his bidding, sets down water in each quarter from which sun, fire, wind and Indra arise.

The Veda of the Black Yajus School (Taittiriya Sanhita), tr. A. B. Keith (1914) § 7.1.5; Original Sanskrit Texts, vol. 1 (2nd ed.), J. Muir § vol1.p32-33; Original Sanskrit Texts, vol. 1 (2nd ed.), J. Muir § vol1.p52-53

Primary text (translation)

Shatapatha Brahmana 14.1.2.11 and 7.5.1.5

Pan-India All traditions

The earth was once only a span wide; a boar named Emusha raised her, and her lord is Prajapati. Separately: Prajapati took the form of a tortoise (kurma) to create living beings, which is why all creatures are called children of Kashyapa; a live tortoise is laid in the altar, its shells the earth and the sky.

What is different here:

The boar has a name, Emusha, and is not said in so many words to be Prajapati; the tortoise is Prajapati himself and no rival.

The Satapatha-Brahmana, tr. Julius Eggeling (Sacred Books of the East 12, 41) § 14.1.2.11; The Satapatha-Brahmana, tr. Julius Eggeling (Sacred Books of the East 12, 41) § 7.5.1.1-5

Primary text (translation)

Vishnu Purana 1.4

Pan-India Vaishnava

At the start of the present age Brahma, who is Narayana, wakes and finds the world void and flooded. Inferring that the earth lies under the water he takes the form of a boar made of the Vedas and the sacrifice, as he had been fish and tortoise before. The Earth hymns him and asks to be raised as of old. He lifts her on his tusks; sages shelter in his bristles and praise each limb as part of the sacrifice. He sets her on the waters like a ship, levels her and piles up the mountains.

What is different here:

The diver is Narayana-Vishnu in Brahma's form, though still styled Prajapati; cosmic scale; the Earth is a goddess who speaks; hymns of praise; no lotus leaf.

The Vishnu Purana, tr. H. H. Wilson (1840) § 1.4; Original Sanskrit Texts, vol. 1 (2nd ed.), J. Muir § vol1.p50-51

Scholarly

Ramayana 2.110 (as quoted by Muir)

Pan-India All traditions

All was water and the earth was formed in it; then Brahma the self-existent arose with the gods and, becoming a boar, raised up the earth. Muir notes that a later recension alters the line to identify this Brahma with Vishnu.

What is different here:

A halfway stage: the boar is Brahma, not yet Vishnu. Read only in Muir's citation, not in a Ramayana translation.

Original Sanskrit Texts, vol. 1 (2nd ed.), J. Muir § vol1.p54

Sources: The Veda of the Black Yajus School (Taittiriya Sanhita), tr. A. B. Keith (1914); Original Sanskrit Texts, vol. 1 (2nd ed.), J. Muir; The Satapatha-Brahmana, tr. Julius Eggeling (Sacred Books of the East 12, 41); The Vishnu Purana, tr. H. H. Wilson (1840)

More stories with the same people