Devalok
Folk tale · 2 tellings · Pan-India, South India

The sun that rose crooked (Ravana, Surya and the first Vishu)

Who is in it

  • Ravana holds the sun back from the east
  • Surya the sun who rises crooked, then straight
  • Rama kills Ravana and frees the sun
  • Agastya teaches Rama the hymn to the sun

Places: Lanka, Kerala · Texts: Valmiki Ramayana

The story, beat by beat

  1. Ravana, unbeatable by gods and demons, resents the sun rising straight over Lanka.
  2. He sets his arms against the sunrise; the sun comes up at a slant from then on.
  3. Rama crosses to Lanka and kills Ravana.
  4. The next morning the sun rises due east and climbs straight; Kerala keeps that morning as Vishu.
  5. The kani is seen at dawn so that the year's first sight is light.

sun pride new year festival

How it is told, place by place

Base telling · Folk documentation

The Kerala folk telling

South India · Kerala Folk Malayali 🪔 Vishu

While Ravana ruled Lanka he did not allow Surya to rise straight from the east; the sun rose at a slant. After Ravana's death, which Kerala tellers lay to Rama, the sun began to rise straight from the east again, and the first such morning was Vishu. Hindus of Kerala keep Vishu to mark the sun's return, seeing the kani at dawn. The Annapoorneshwari temple of Cherukunnu in Kannur keeps the belief with its Vishu Vilakku. Beside it Kerala keeps the reading that Krishna killed Narakasura on the same day, and both are accepted.

Vishu Vilakku at the Annapoorneshwari temple, Cherukunnu, Kannur (Kerala Tourism, 1000 festivals record); Vishu, Wikipedia; Vishu: Regional New Year in Kerala, Utsavpedia; Kerala Vishu, keralafolklore.com; Waking up to Vishu, Amar Chitra Katha (blog); Vishu 2023, Malayalam New Year: history, significance, The Quint

Primary text (translation)

Valmiki Ramayana: Aranya 32, Yuddha 105 and 108

Pan-India · sa Vaishnava 🪔 Vishu

When Shurpanakha reaches Lanka the poet describes Ravana: ten necks, twenty arms, scars from Indra's bolt and Airavata's tusks, conqueror of Kubera who took Pushpaka and tore up Nandana, and the one who with his arms forestalls the rising of the moon and the sun; after ten thousand years of penance Brahma made him safe from gods, demons and spirits, excepting men. On the last day of the war Agastya teaches the weary Rama the Aditya Hridaya, the hymn to the sun; Rama sips water three times, faces the sun and recites it, and the sun, standing among the gods, urges him to hurry. On Matali's word Rama fires Brahma's arrow into Ravana's chest; he falls like Vritra, drums sound, flowers fall, the quarters brighten, the earth stills, the wind softens and the sun shines steadily.

What is different here:

No crooked sunrise and no Vishu: the epic gives Ravana power over the sun's rising, the sun's blessing on Rama, and a steady sun at Ravana's fall.

Valmiki Ramayana, Aranya Kanda sarga 32 (valmikiramayan.net, English with verse glosses); Valmiki Ramayana, Yuddha Kanda sarga 105, the Aditya Hridaya (valmikiramayan.net); Valmiki Ramayana, Yuddha Kanda sarga 108, the death of Ravana (valmikiramayan.net)

Sources: Vishu Vilakku at the Annapoorneshwari temple, Cherukunnu, Kannur (Kerala Tourism, 1000 festivals record); Vishu, Wikipedia; Vishu: Regional New Year in Kerala, Utsavpedia; Kerala Vishu, keralafolklore.com; Waking up to Vishu, Amar Chitra Katha (blog); Vishu 2023, Malayalam New Year: history, significance, The Quint; Valmiki Ramayana, Aranya Kanda sarga 32 (valmikiramayan.net, English with verse glosses); Valmiki Ramayana, Yuddha Kanda sarga 105, the Aditya Hridaya (valmikiramayan.net)

More stories with the same people

From the epics

Hanuman's leap to Lanka and the ring for Sita

Hanuman leaps the ocean to Lanka, passing the mountain Mainaka, the serpent mother Surasa and the shadow-catcher Simhika, searches the city by night, finds Sita in the Ashoka grove and gives her Rama's ring, then lets himself be caught and burns Lanka with his own tail.

Legend

Ravana's boon at Gokarna

Ravana and his brothers Kumbhakarna and Vibhishana perform austerities at Gokarna for ten thousand years.

How a tradition frames it

Kamban's Rama stands above the three

In the Tamil Ramavataram Rama is divine from the start, yet the poem sets him above Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva rather than inside the triad as an avatar.

From the epics

Rama in Thailand and Cambodia

Thailand's Ramakien makes Phra Ram an incarnation of Phra Narai and a Bodhisatta; Cambodia's Reamker reads Preah Ream almost as a mortal through a Theravada lens.

How a tradition frames it

Rama the monk and Krishna the cousin

Jain tellings keep Rama and Krishna as great men in a fixed roster of sixty-three: Lakshmana kills Ravana, Rama becomes a monk, and Krishna is Neminatha's cousin.

Legend

The churning of the ocean of milk

Gods and demons churn the milk ocean with Mount Mandara on the tortoise's back; poison, treasures, Lakshmi and the nectar emerge, and Vishnu as Mohini keeps the nectar for the gods.

Temple legend

Rama installs the linga at Rameswaram

Rama worships Shiva as a linga on the island of Rameswaram — before the bridge in the Ramayana, or after Ravana's death to expiate the killing of a brahmin in temple tradition, where Sita's sand linga and Hanuman's linga from Kailasa stand side by side.

Legend

Ravana lifts Kailash

Flying home in the Pushpaka after beating Kubera, Ravana is halted by Kailash.