Shani, the Sun's son by Chhaya, is dark, and the Sun keeps away from him. Chhaya curses the Sun with a disease of the skin. Yama, the Sun's son by Sanjna, cures him. The Sun burns Kumbha, Shani's house, in anger. Later, persuaded by Yama, he goes to visit; Shani has nothing left but black sesame from the ashes and offers it with jaggery. The Sun is moved, gives Shani the house of Makara and says whoever offers sesame to him when he enters it will be blessed.
The Makar Sankranti katha of Surya and Shani (India TV; Sanatan Gyaan Manthan; Bhakti Satsang)
Sources: The Makar Sankranti katha of Surya and Shani (India TV; Sanatan Gyaan Manthan; Bhakti Satsang)
The Smarta school worships five deities — Ganesha, Shiva, Shakti, Vishnu and Surya, with Kartikeya added in the south — set in a quincunx around the worshipper's chosen one, as equal forms of the one Brahman; tradition credits Adi Shankara, though the practice is older.
The Sudarshana is either Shiva's gift at Kashi after Vishnu offers his own eye in place of a missing lotus, or Vishvakarma's work from the radiance shaved off the sun.
Aditi bears eight sons, goes to the gods with seven and casts away the eighth, Martanda, then brings him back. Later texts explain why.
The Adityas outwit the Angirases with a same-day Soma sacrifice, make them their priests, and pay them with the sun as a white horse.
The Rigveda's six, seven or eight Adityas become the twelve months in the Brahmanas and twelve named sun-gods in the Puranas.
Speech walks out on the gods, hides in the waters and the trees, and on another occasion becomes a lioness.
Hymn portrait: Savitr raises his arms at dusk and the world stops work and goes home (RV 2.38); he drives his golden car through the night (RV 1.35).
The Rigveda praises Heaven and Earth as the parents of gods and creatures; the Aitareya Brahmana tells how they parted and were married again.